Latina

Second Semester

Grammar Review Notes

Nouns and Adjectives

Know and Review your Noun and Adjective Endings Charts

1. What is a declension? GROUP OF LATIN NOUNS WITH THE SAME ENDINGS

2. What does the number of a Latin noun mean? SINGULAR OR PLURAL

3. What are the three possible genders of Latin nouns? MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER

4. When translating, how do you determine how a noun is used in the sentence? ITS CASE – WHICH IS

INDICATED BY THE ENDING ON THE NOUN

5. List the five Latin noun cases and their case uses:

Latin Noun Case	Case Uses
NOMINATIVE	subjects, complements (PN, PA)
GENITIVE	possession and “of” phrases
DATIVE	indirect objects (to or for whom)
ACCUSATIVE	direct objects, objects of some prepositions
ABLATIVE	objects of some prepositions (where, with whom, from where), means, manner, time

6. What prepositions are used with each of the following Latin noun cases?

Accusative – AD, PER, PROPE, IN, APUD

Ablative – CUM, IN, DE, EX (E), AB (A), SUB

7. How do Latin nouns and their adjectives always agree? CASE, NUMBER, GENDER

8. How do Latin nouns and their adjectives NOT always agree? ENDING

9. Terms to Know:

a. SUBJECT person or thing that performs the action of the sentence

b. TRANSITIVE VERB action verb with a direct object

c. INTRANSITIVE VERB action verb without a direct object

d. LINKING VERB verb that connects subject with complement; est or sunt

e. COMPLEMENT noun or adjective that completes a linking verb; PA or PN

f. DIRECT OBJECT noun that receives that action of the verb

g. INDIRECT OBJECT explains “to whom” or “for whom” the action is done

h. OBJECT OF PREP noun that follows a preposition

Verbs

Know and Review your Verb Endings Charts

1. What is a conjugation? GROUP OF LATIN VERBS WITH THE SAME ENDING

2. What are the infinitive endings for the following Latin verb conjugations?

1^st Conjugation LONG ARE

2^nd Conjugation LONG ERE

3^rd Conjugation ERE

4^th Conjugation LONG IRE

3. List the irregular Latin verbs studied this year: ESSE, POSSE, IRE, FERRE, NOLLE, VELLE

4. To what does the person of a Latin verb refer? SUBJECT – WHO IS DOING THE ACTION

5. To what does the number of a Latin verb refer? SINGULAR OR PLURAL

6. To what does the tense of a Latin verb refer? TIME WHEN ACTION TAKES PLACE

7. What is the present stem of a Latin verb? INFINITIVE WITHOUT THE -RE

8. When translating, what does the ending on the Latin verb indicate? SUBJECT (WHO IS DOING

THE ACTION) AND TENSE (TIME WHEN ACTION TAKES PLACE)

9. What is an imperative? COMMAND / ORDER

10. What is the formula for forming the following Latin verb tenses:

Present Tense – STEM WITH PRESENT ENDINGS (O, S, T, MUS, TIS, NT)

** REMEMBER THE EXCEPTIONS:

3^RD CONJUGATION E CHANGES TO I, THEN UNT

3^RD-IO CONJUGATION E CHANGES TO I, THEN IUNT

4^TH CONJUGATION USES IUNT

ESSE – SUM, ES, EST, SUMUS, ESTIS, SUNT

Imperfect / Past Tense – STEM WITH PAST ENDINGS (BAM, BAS, BAT, BAMUS, BATIS, BANT)

** REMEMBER THE EXCEPTIONS:

3^RD-IO CONJUGATION USES IE BEFORE ENDINGS

4^TH CONJUGATION USES IE BEFORE ENDINGS

ESSE – ERAM, ERAS, ERAT, ERAMUS, ERATIS, ERANT